Cardiac surgery is a medical specialty that focuses on treating conditions of the heart and blood vessels, often through surgical interventions. This can include procedures such as bypass surgery to improve blood flow to the heart, valve repair or replacement to address structural issues, and heart transplant for severe heart failure. Cardiac surgeons may also perform minimally invasive procedures using specialized tools and techniques. The goal of cardiac surgery is to improve the overall function of the heart and reduce the risk of serious complications such as heart attack or stroke.